Rules describe the rules of the game we implicitly follow and expect others to follow too. When they don’t, we feel they have violated an unspoken-yet-shared principle of good sportsmanship and have failed to meet our expectations.

Knowing these three rules prompts better decisions.

CLOSED. Expects clearly defined roles and responsibilities. Respects hierarchy. Values structure, method, order, tradition, predictability, reliability. Views “creative chaos” with suspicion. To influence, give them clarity and structure. Avoid keeping them in the dark for too long.

OPEN. Expects to be invited, welcomed, and included. Respects the process. Values transparency, participation, contribution, commitment, engagement, and consensus.  To influence, involve them in the discussion and highlight areas of agreement.

RANDOM. Expects freedom, autonomy, and trust. Respects individuality. Values spontaneity and flexibility to adapt and respond to the moment. Plays by own rules, follows own logic, and frequently goes off script. To influence, agree on the what and trust them with the how.

Adapted from The Kantor Framework.